![]() ![]() Humans evolved in East Africa from a genus of apes. We existed in the middle of the food chain, as often prey as we were predators, and we weren’t even the only humans. But when we, Homo sapiens, arrived on the scene 2.5 million years ago, we weren’t anything special. We think of our own species as the only humans, distinguished from and superior to every other species on earth. The first thing to know about the history of humankind is that we weren’t the only humans. The History of Humankind Multiple Human Species We’ll look at each revolution and how it dramatically redirected the course of human history, but to understand these upheavals, we need to go back to a time when Homo sapiens was just one of multiple human species (and not a very distinguished species, at that). These revolutions changed the history of humankind in ways both positive and negative. The history of humankind is punctuated by four major revolutions: The Cognitive Revolution, the Agricultural Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, and the Scientific Revolution. ![]() What are the basic events in the history of humankind? What revolutions characterized the cognitive and cultural evolution of homo sapiens? Like this article? Sign up for a free trial here. Shortform has the world's best summaries of books you should be reading. This article is an excerpt from the Shortform summary of "Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind" by Yuval Noah Harari.
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